Types of Industries

TYPES OF INDUSTRIES
An industry broadly refers to any form of economic activity that  has the purpose of making money.
Based on the water (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1974 and the air (prevention and control of pollution) act, 1981 the CPCB has classified the industrial sectors under red, orange, green and white categories.
This categorisation is based on the relative pollution potential of industrial wastes while the grouping of industries is based on :

• use of raw materials
• manufacturing process adopted and
• pollutants likely to be generated

Based on relative pollution index, the industrial sectors have been classified as follows:
Industries having pollution index score:

• 60 and above are cartegorised as RED
• 41 to 59 are cartegorised as ORANGE
• 21 to 40 are cartegorised as GREEN
• including and upto 20 are cartegorised as WHITE

 Pollution index is a function of:

• Air pollutants
• Water pollutants
• Hazardous wastes generated and
• Consumption of resources

The Pollution Index (PI) of any industrial sector varies from 0 to 100 with increasing value indicating increasing degree of pollution load.
The following industries are classified under RED category:

• Isolated storage of hazardous chemicals
• Integrated automobile manufacturing facilities
• Industries engaged in recycling / reprocessing / recovery / reuse of hazardous waste (Eg: spent cleared metal catalyst containing Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, As, V, Co)
• Manufacture of lubricating oils, grease and petroleum based products)
• Industrial Carbon including electrodes and graphite blocks, activated carbon, carbon black
• Lead acid battery manufacturing
• Phosphate rock processing plant
• Power generation plant (Except wind and solar renewable power plants and mini hydel power plant of capacity < 25MW)
• Processes involving chlorinated hydrocarbons
• Fibre glass production and processing (excluding moulding) 
• Manufacture and bulk storage of fire crackers
• Industries engaged in dismantling and recycling components of waste electrical and electronic assemblies
• Milk and dairy processes (integrated)
• Pulp and paper industries
• Petrochemical industry
• Manufacture of explosives, detonators and fuses
• Manufacture of paints, varnishes, pigments and intermediates
• Manufacture of organic chemicals
• Asbestos and asbestos based industries
• Cement industry
• Mining and ore benefaction
• Nuclear power plant
• Textile processing
• Chlor Alkali
• Ship breaking industry
• Oil and gas extraction
• Process involving metal surface treatment
• Tanneries
• Thermal power plant
• Slaughter houses
• Aluminium smelter or copper smelter or zinc smelter
• Processing of Iron and steel from ore
• Pharmaceutical industry
• Distillery

 The following industries are classified under ORANGE category:

• Dismantling of wagons and coaches
• Bakery and confectionery units with capacity > 1 TPD
• Manufacture of coated electrodes
• CD, floppy, cassette and reel manufacturing
• Food processing industries
• Jute processing without dyeing
• Manufacture of silica gel
• Manufacture of toothpaste, toothpowder, talcum powder and other cosmetic items
• Etching of glass sheet using hydrofluoric acid
• Saree printing by wooden blocks
• Manufacture of synthetic detergents and soaps
• Manufacture of thermometer
• Cotton spinning and weaving 
• Dry mechanical processes like alimirah and grill manufacturing
• Aluminium and copper extraction from scrap using oil fired furnace
• Automobile servicing, repairing and painting
• Manufacture of ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines
• Building of construction project > 20,000 Sq. m built-up area
• Brick fields, ceramics and refractories
• Coal washeries
• Dairy and dairy products (small scale)
• D.G. set of capacity between 1 MVA and 5 MVA
• Dry coal and mineral processing involving ore sintering, pelletisation, grinding and pulverisation
• Fermentation industry including manufacture of yeast, beer and distillation of extra neutral alcohol
• Ferrous and non-ferrous metal extraction involving different furnaces through melting, refining, reprocessing, casting and alloy-making
•  Fertilizer formulation / granulation / blending only
• Fish, poultry and cattle feed
• Fish processing and packaging (excluding chilling)
• Forging of ferrous and non-ferrous metals using oil & gas fired furnaces
• Formulation of camphor and naphthalene tablets from respective powders
• Glass, ceramics, earthen potteries and tile manufacturing using oil and gas fired kilns and coating on glasses using cerium fluoride and magnesium fluoride
• Gravure printing, digital printing on flex vinyl
• Hotels with > 20 rooms but less than 100 rooms
• Ice cream manufacturing units
• Industries engaged in recycling / reprocessing / recovery / reuse of paint and ink sludge / residues
• Industries engaged in recycling / reprocessing / recovery / reuse of Brass, Copper dross, copper oxide mill scale, copper reverts, cake & residues, waste copper and copper alloys in dispersable form, slug from copper processing for further processing or refining, insulated copper wire, jelly filled copper cables, zinc dross, zinc slag, zinc alloy residues in dispersable form
• Industry or processes involving foundry operations
• Lime manufacturing
• Manufacturing liquid floor cleaner (black phenyl, liquid soap, glycerol mono-stearate)
• Manufacturing of glass
• Manufacturing of iodised salt from crude salt
• Manufacturing mirrors from sheet glass
• Manufacturing mosquito repellant coil
• Manufacturing starch
• Mechanised laundry using oil fired boiler
• Modular wooden furniture from particle board
• New highway construction project
• Non alcoholic beverage & bottling of alcoholic and non alcoholic products
• Paint & varnish (mixing and blending only)
• Plyboard manufacturing with oil fired boiler
• IMFL by blending
• Manufacturing printing ink
• Printing press
• Reprocessing of used plastic including PVC
• Rolling mill (Hot and cold)
• Spray painting, paint baking and paint shipping
• Manufacturing steel and steel products
• Stone crushers
• Surgical and medical products
• Teflon based productscycling / reprocessing / recovery / reuse of 
• Manufacture and repair of transformers
• Vulcanisation of tyres and tubes
• Manufacturing of vegetable oil and hydrogenated oils including solvent extraction and refinery
• Wire drawing and wire netting
• Dry cell battery and assembling and charging of a lead acid battery battery on a micro scale
• Synthetic resins
• Cashew nut and coffee seed processing
• Parboiled rice mills
• Foam manufacturing
• Industries engaged in recycling / reprocessing / recovery and reuse of used oil and waste oil
• Producer gas plant using up drift coal gasification

Following industries are classified under GREEN category

• Aluminium utensils from processing only
• Ayurvedic and homeopathic medicines (without boiler)
• Bakery / Confectionery / sweet products with production capacity < 1 TPD
• Biomass briquettes without using toxic hazardous products
• Blending of resins and powder additives by physical mixing
• Cardboard or corrugated box and paper products without using boilers
• Manufacture of wooden furniture by carpentry
• Cement products without use of asbestos / boilers or steam curing
• Ceramic colour manufacturing by mixing and blending only
• Chilling plant, cold storage and ice making
• Small scale spinning and weaving of cotton
• Dal mills
• Digital printing on PVC cloth
• Flour mills (dry process)
• Glue from starch
• Gold and silver smithy
• Lubricating oil, grease or petroleum based products (by blending at normal temperature)
• Manufacture of pasted verneer
• Manufacture of packing material from non-asbestos fibre
• Power looms without dye and washing
• Ready mix concrete
• Reprocessing waste cotton
• Saw mills
• Soap manufacturing without steam
• Spice grinding
• Steel furniture without spray painting
• Distilled water without boiler
• Hotels with 20 rooms without boiler
• Mineralised water
•  Manufacturing tamarind powder
• Cutting, sizing and polishing of marble stone
• Export, transport and disposal of flyash
• Seasoning of wood in steam heated chambers
• Formulation of synthetic detergents
• Processing of tea with boiler

Following industries are classified under WHITE category

• Assembling, repair and servicing of air conditioners and air coolers
• Assembly of bicycles, baby carriages and other small non motorizing vehicles
• Hydraulic press of waste paper
• Manufacture of biopesticides and biofertilizers
• Blending and packaging of tea
• Manufacture of chalk from plaster of paris without boilers
• Manufacture of cotton and woolen hosiers (Dry process only)
• Diesel pump repairing and servicing (Complete dry mechanical process)
• Electric lamp and CFL manufacturing by assembly only
• Assembly electrical and electronic items (Completely dry process)
• Engineering and fabrication units (Dry process only)
• Flavored beetel nut production / grinding (completely dry mechanical operation)
• Manufacture of fly ash bricks
• Making glass ampules and vials from glass tubes
• Glass putty and sealant by mixing machine
• Decorticating groundnut
• Handloom carpet weaving without dyeing and bleaching
• Manufacture of coir items from coconut husk
• Manufacture of shoe brush and wire brush
• Manufacture of organic manure by manual mixing
• Manufacture of paper pins and clips
• Repair of electric motors and generators by dry mechanical process
• Manufacture of cotton and plastic ropes
• Manufacture of scientific and mathematical instruments
• Manufacture of solar module for non conventional energy apparatus
• Power generation using photovoltaic cells, wind power and mini hydel power < 250MW
• Assembly of surgical and medical products